Reading Lists and Bibliographies

Below are a set of Bibliographies categorized by subject. If there are readings listed that you think particularly relevant to your own work and that are not able to access through your own institutional library or in our Google Folder, you can submit a request to the Program Organizers and when possible we will make the readings requested available to you ask an Institute Participant. Please first check the Google Folders before making a request.

Readings that have been generously copied and placed in digital files by Holiness Kerandi, Marla Jaksch, and Cymone Fourshey for fellow Institute Participants. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1v_Y2fkpqudJdxUkGTrQqlZC4oBQozBeg?usp=sharing

General Background Girlhoods

• Aderinto, Saheed, ed. 2015. Children and Childhood in Colonial Nigerian Histories. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

• Banet-Weiser, Sarah. 2015. “’Confidence You Can Carry!’: Girls in Crisis and the Market for Girls’ Empowerment Organizations.” Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies 29 (2): 182-193.

• Baker, Sara. 2018. “‘We want that for ourselves’: How Girls and Young Women Are Using ICTs to Counter Violence and Demand Their Rights.” Gender and Development 26 (2): 283-297.

• Bellerose, Meghan, et. al. 2020. “Pre-Pandemic Influences on Kenyan Girls’ Transitions to Adulthood during COVID-19.” Girlhood Studies 13(3) (Dec.): 133-150.

• Blake, Jamilia J., et. al. 2011. “Unmasking the Inequitable Discipline Experiences of Urban Black Girls: Implications for Urban Educational Stakeholders.” The Urban Review 43(1): 90–106.

• Brown, Ruth Nicole. 2013. Hear Our Truths: The Creative Potential of Black Girlhood. Dissident Feminisms. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

• Boutwell, Laura. 2015. “‘I Don’t Want to Claim America’: African Refugee Girls and Discourses of Othering.” Girlhood Studies 8(2) (Summer): 103-118.

• Caron, Caroline. 2011. “Getting Girls and Teens into the Vocabularies of Citizenship.” Girlhood Studies 4 (2): 70–91.

• Calkin, Sydney. 2015. “Post-Feminist Spectatorship and the Girl Effect: ‘Go ahead, really imagine her.’” Third World Quarterly 36(4): 654–669.

• Chant, Sylvia. 2016a. “Galvanizing Girls for Development? Critiquing the Shift from ‘Smart’ to ‘Smarter Economics.’” Progress in Development Studies 16(4): 314–328.

• Chege, Fatuma, et. al. 2014. “A Safe House? Girls’ Drawings on Safety and Security in Slums in and Around Nairobi.” Girlhood Studies 7(2) (Winter): 130-135.

• Chikunda, Charles, et. al. 2006. “The Impact of Khomba – a Shangaan Cultural Rite of Passage – on the Formal Schooling of Girls and on Women’s Space in the Chikombedzi Area in Zimbabwe.” Indilinga African Journal of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (2): 145–56.

• Coulter, Natalie. 2021. “‘Frappés, Friends, and Fun’: Affective Labor and the Cultural Industry of Girlhood.” Journal of Consumer Culture 21 (3): 487–500.

• Decker, Corrie. 2010. “Reading, Writing, and Respectability: How Schoolgirls Developed Modern Literacies in Colonial Zanzibar.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 43(1): 89-114.

• De Lange, N., et. al. 2015. Girl-led strategies to address campus safety: Creating action briefs for dialogue with policy makers. Agenda, 29(3): 118-127.

• Ealey, J. 2021. ‘Crushed little stars’: A praxis-in-process of black girlhood.” Girlhood Studies, 14(2): 16-28.

• Endsley, Crystal Leigh. 2018. “‘Something Good Distracts Us from the Bad’: Girls Cultivating Disruption.” Girlhood Studies 11(2): 63–78.t

• Endsley, Crystal Leigh. 2023. Quantum Justice: Global Girls Cultivating Disruption through Spoken Word Poetry. Univ of Texas Press.

• Erulkar, Annabel and Girmay Medhin. 2017. “Evaluation of a Safe Spaces Program for Girls in Ethiopia.” Girlhood Studies 10(1) (Spring): 107-125.

• Field, Corinne T, and LaKisha Michelle Simmons, eds. 2022. The Global History of Black Girlhood. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

• Field, Corinne T., et. al. 2016. “The History of Black Girlhood: Recent Innovations and Future Directions.” The Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth 9(3): 383–401.

• Field, Corinne T, and LaKisha Michelle Simmons, eds. 2022. The Global History of Black Girlhood. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

• Forman-Brunell, Miriam, ed. 2021. Deconstructing Dolls : Girlhoods and the Meanings of Play. New York: Berghahn Books.

• Fourshey, Catherine Cymone. 2012. “‘The Matter is a Bit Urgent’ Education of Miss Florence Peters: One Gambian Fathers Petitions to the British Colonial Government 1948-1952.” JENdA (20): 80-104.

• George, Abosede A. 2014. Making Modern Girls: A History of Girlhood, Labor, and Social Development in Colonial Lagos. New African Histories. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.

• Gilmore, Leigh, and Elizabeth Marshall. 2019. Witnessing Girlhood: Toward an Intersectional Tradition of Life Writing. New York: Fordham University Press.

• “Girlhood Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal.” 2008-Present.

• George, Abosede. 2018. “Saving Nigerian Girls: A Critical Reflection on Girl-Saving Campaigns in the Colonial and Neoliberal Eras.” Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism 17 (2): 309–24.

• Gillam, Reighan. 2017. “Representing Black Girlhood in Brazil: Culture and Strategies of Empowerment.” Communication, Culture & Critique 10(4): 609–25.

• Gonick, Marnina. 2003. Between Femininities: Ambivalence, Identity, and the Education of Girls. NY: SUNY Press.

• Haffejee, S., Treffry-Goatley, A., Wiebesiek, L., and Mkhize, N. 2020. “Negotiating girl-led advocacy: Addressing early and forced marriage in South Africa.” Girlhood Studies, 13(2): 18-34.

• Halliday, Aria S, ed. 2019. The Black Girlhood Studies Collection. Toronto: Women’s Press.

• Hayhurst, Lyndsay M.C. 2014. “The ‘Girl Effect’ and Martial Arts: Social Entrepreneurship and Sport, Gender and Development in Uganda.” Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography 21(3): 297–315.

• Helgren, Jennifer, and Colleen A Vasconcellos. 2010. Girlhood: A Global History. The Rutgers Series in Childhood Studies. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.

• Hill, Dominique C. 2019. “Blackgirl, One Word: Necessary Transgressions in the Name of Imagining Black Girlhood.” Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 19 (4): 275–83.

• hooks, bell. 1996. Bone Black: Memories of Girlhood. 1st ed. Owl Book. New York: Henry Holt.

• Huzjak, Maša. 2022. “Girl Spaces: Images of Girlhood on the Internet.” Cultural Studies 36 (5): 732–47.

• Imam, Ayesha M., Amina Mama, and Fatou Sow (eds.). 1997. Engendering African Social Sciences. Dakar: Codesria.

• Jordan-Zachery, Julia S, and Duchess Harris, eds. 2019. Black Girl Magic Beyond the Hashtag: Twenty-First Century Acts of Self-Definition. The Feminist Wire Books: Connecting Feminisms, Race, and Social Justice. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

• Kamwendo, Martha. 2014. “Malawian Teachers’ Perceptions of Gender and Achievement in the Context of Girls’ Underachievement.” Girlhood Studies 7(2) (Winter): 79-96.

• Katshunga, Jen. “Contesting Black Girlhood(s) beyond Northern Borders: Exploring a Black African girl approach.” in Halliday, Aria S. 2019. The Black Girlhood Studies Collection. Toronto, Canada: Women’s Press.

• Khau, Mathabo. 2011. “Growing Up a Girl in a Developing Country: Challenges for the Female Body in Education.” Girlhood Studies 4 (Dec.): 130-147.

• Khoja-Moolji, Shenila. 2015. “Suturing Together Girls and Education: An Investigation Into the Social (Re)Production of Girls’ Education as a Hegemonic Ideology.” Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education 9(2): 87–107.

• Koffman, Ofra, and Rosalind Gill. 2013. “‘The Revolution Will be Led by a 12-Year-Old Girl’: Girl Power and Global Biopolitics.” Feminist Review 105 (1): 83–102.

• Koissaba, Serena. 2019. “Gender and Diversity.” Essay. In Maasai Girls’ Subjectivities and the Nexus of Gender Justice and Education Rights Discourse, 1265–79.

• Lachover, Einat, Heidi Preis, and Einat Peled. 2019. “From Research on Girls to Girlhood Studies: Exploring Israeli Girlhood Studies from an International and Historical Perspective.” European Journal of Women’s Studies 26 (2): 132–49.

• Leach, Fiona, and Sara Humphreys. 2007. “Gender Violence in Schools: Taking the ‘Girls-as-Victims’ Discourse Forward.” Gender and Development 15(1): 51-65.

• Levine, Ruth. 2009. Girls Count: A Global Investment and Action Agenda. Washington, D.C.: Center for Development.

• Lewis, Desiree, and Gabeba Baderoon, eds. 2021. Surfacing: On Being Black and Feminist in South Africa. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.

• Lindsey, Treva B. 2013. “‘One Time for My Girls’: African-American Girlhood, Empowerment, and Popular Visual Culture.” Journal of African American Studies 17 (1): 22–34.

• Mandrona, A. (2016). “Ethical practice and the study of girlhood.” Girlhood Studies, 9(3): 3-19.

• Mandrona, April, and Claudia Mitchell, eds.
2018. Visual Encounters in the Study of Rural Childhoods. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press).

• Mihelakis, Eftihia. 2017. “Queering Virginity: From Unruly Girls to Effeminate Boys.” Girlhood Studies 10 (3) (Winter): 221-224.

• Mitchell, Claudia, and Carrie A Rentschler, eds. 2016. Girlhood and the Politics of Place. New York: Berghahn Books.

• Mitchell & R. Moletsane. 2018. Disrupting Shameful Legacies: Girls and Young Women Speak Back Through the Arts to Address Sexual Violence Rotterdam: Brill.

• Mitchell, Claudia, and Ann Smith, eds. 2023. The Girl in the Pandemic: Transnational Perspectives. Transnational Girlhoods, Volume 5. New York: Berghahn Books.

• Moletsane, Relebohile, ed. 2021. Ethical Practice in Participatory Visual Research with Girls: Transnational Approaches. Transnational Girlhoods, Volume 2. New York: Berghahn Books.

• Muhonja, Besi Brillian. 2018. Womanhood and Girlhood in Twenty-First Century Middle Class Kenya: Disrupting Patri-Centered Frameworks. Critical African Studies in Gender and Sexuality. Lanham: Lexington Books.

• Mupotsa, D. S. 2015. Becoming girl-woman-bride. Girlhood Studies, 8(3): 73-87.

• Moruzi, Kristine. 2012. Constructing Girlhood through the Periodical Press, 1850-1915. Ashgate Studies in Childhood, 1700 to the Present. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate.

Moruzi, Kristine, and Michelle J Smith, eds. 2014. Colonial Girlhood in Literature, Culture and History, 1840-1950. Palgrave Studies in Nineteenth-Century Writing and Culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

• Mushunje, Mildredtambudzai. 2006. “Challenges and Opportunities for Promoting the Girl Child’s Rights in the Face of HIV/AIDS.” Gender and Development 14(1): 115-125.

• Ngcobo, Nokukhanya. 2016. “Their Journey to Triumphant Activism: 14 Young Women Speak Out.” Girlhood Studies 9 (2) (Summer): 101-106.

• Ngidi, N.D. and R. Moletsane. 2015. “Using transformative pedagogies for the prevention of gender-based violence: reflections from a secondary school-based Intervention.” Agenda, 29(3): 66-78.

• Njagi, Joan. 2018. “Delivering Sexual and Reproductive Health Education to Girls: Are Helplines Useful?” Girlhood Studies 11 (2) (Summer): 30-45.

• Ntombela, Sithabile, and Nontokozo Mashiya. 2009.“‘In my time, girls…’: Reflections of African Adolescent Girl Identities and Realities Across Two Generations.” Agenda 23(79): 94-106.

• Oinas, Elina. 2015. “The Naked, Vulnerable, Crazy Girl.” Girlhood Studies 8(3) (Winter): 119-134.

Pincock, Kate. 2017. “Girlhood, Participation and Empowerment in Tanzania: Climbing Material and Discursive Walls.” Children’s Geographies 1–12.

• —. 2018. “School, Sexuality and Problematic Girlhoods: Reframing ‘Empowerment’ Discourse.” Third World Quarterly 39(5): 906–19.

• Popkin, Debra. Francophone Women Coming of Age: Memoirs of Childhood and Adolescence from France, Africa, Quebec and the Caribbean. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars.

• Prinsloo, J. and Moletsane, R. 2013. The Complexities of sex, gender and childhood in present-day South Africa: Mapping the Issues. Agenda, 97, 3-13.

• Reddy, Vasu. 2009. “Turning Sugar and Spice on Its Head: Recent Research on the Gendered Meanings Within Girlhood Studies.” Agenda 23 (79): 78–84.

• Rowe, Kristin Denise. 2022. “‘Unmanageable’: Exploring Black Girlhood, Storytelling, and Ideas of Beauty.” Open Cultural Studies Vol. 49 (1): 243–59.

• Sentilles, Renée M. 2018. “Arrived: The History of Black Girls and Girlhood.” Journal of Women’s History 30 (4): 169–77.

• Seow, J. 2019. “Black girls and dolls navigating race, class, and gender in Toronto.” Girlhood Studies, 12(2): 48-64.

Shadle, Brett Lindsay. 2006. ‘Girl Cases’: Marriage and Colonialism in Gusiiland, Kenya, 1890-1970. Social History of Africa. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

• Simmons, LaKisha Michelle. 2015. Crescent City Girls: The Lives of Young Black Women in Segregated New Orleans. Gender and American Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.

• Smith-Purviance, Ashley L, Sara Jackson, Brianna Harper, Jennifer Merandisse, Brittney Smith, Kim Hussey, and Eliana Lopez. 2022. “Toward Black Girl Futures: Rememorying in Black Girlhood Studies.” Girlhood Studies 15 (3): 67-83.

• Sommer, Marni. 2010. “The Changing Nature of Girlhood in Tanzania: Influences from Global Imagery and Globalization.” Girlhood Studies 3(1): 116–36.

• Stavro, Vivi. 2011. “Breaking the Silence: The Voices of Girls Forcibly Involved in Armed Conflict in Angola.” In Children’s Rights and International Development: Lessons and Challenges from the Field, Myriam Denov, Richard Maclure and Kathryn Campbell (eds.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

• Stuart, Jean. 2009. “Yesterday, Today…and Tomorrow: The Future of Girlhood in the Age of AIDS.” Agenda 23(79): 70-77.

• Sumner, K. A. 2019. “‘There’s something about HER’: realities of black girlhood in a settler state.” Girlhood Studies, 12(3): 18-32.

• Switzer, Heather D. 2018. When the Light is Fire: Maasai Schoolgirls in Contemporary Kenya. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.

• Switzer, Heather, et. al. 2016.“Precarious Politics and Girl Effects: Exploring the Limits of the Girl Gone Global.” Feminist Formations 28(1): 33-59.

• Smith, Ann, ed. 2019. The Girl in the Text. Transnational Girlhoods, Volume 1. New York: Berghahn Books.

• Smith, Frances. 2020. Bande De Filles: Girlhood Identities in Contemporary France. Cinema and Youth Studies. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

• Soto, Lilia. 2018. Girlhood in the Borderlands : Mexican Teens Caught in the Crossroads of Migration. Nation of Nations. New York: New York University Press.

• Switzer, Heather, Emily Bent, and Crystal Leigh Endsley. 2016. “Precarious Politics and Girl Effects: Exploring the Limits of the Girl Gone Global.” Feminist Formations 28 (1): 33–59.

• Taft, J. K. 2020. “Hopeful, harmless, and heroic: figuring the girl activist as global savior.” Girlhood Studies, 13(2) 1-17.

• Vogel, Maria A, and Linda Arnell, eds. 2021. Living Like a Girl: Agency, Social Vulnerability and Welfare Measures in Europe and Beyond (version First edition.) First ed. Transnational Girlhoods, 3. New York: Berghahn Books.

• Vanner, C. and A. Dugal. 2020. “Personal, powerful, political: Activist networks by, for, and with girls and young women.” Girlhood Studies, 13(2): vii-xv.

• Wiebesiek, L, Larkin, R. Ngcobo, N. and Moletsane, R. 2016. Ethics of community based participatory research in rural South Africa: Gender violence through the eyes of girls. Learning Landscapes. 10 (1): 341-361.

• Wiebesiek, Lisa and Treffry-Goatley, Astrid. 2017. “Using participatory visual research to explore resilience with girls and young women in rural South Africa.” Agenda 31(2): 74-86.

• Wright, Nazera Sadiq. 2016. Black Girlhood in the Nineteenth Century. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

• Wright, Nazera Sadiq. 2016. Black Girlhood in the Nineteenth Century. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

• Zelezny-Green, R. 2016. “‘Can you really see what we write online?’: Ethics and privacy in digital research with girls.” Girlhood Studies, 9(3): 71-87.

• —. 2018. “‘Now I Want to Use It to Learn More’: Using Mobile Phones to Further the Education Rights of the Girl Child in Kenya.” Gender and Development 26, no. 2, (July): 299-311.

African Feminist Theory

• Amadiume, Ifi. 1997. Re-inventing Africa: matriarchy, religion, and culture. London: Zed Books.

• —. 2000. Daughters of the Goddess, Daughters of Imperialism: African women struggle for culture, power, and democracy. New York: Palgrave.

• Arndt, Susan. 2002. The Dynamics of African Feminism: Defining and Classifying African-Feminist Literatures. Trenton: Africa World Press.

• Arnfred, Signe. 2009. “African Feminists on Sexualities.” Canadian Journal of African Studies 43(1): 151-159.

• Chirenje, Grace Ruvimbo. 2016. “Feminist Pedagogy: unpacking the reality and building towards a new model of education for women and girls in Zimbabwe.” BUWA, 7 (December): 22.

• Decker, Corrie. 2014. Mobilizing Zanzibari Women: The Struggle for Respectability and Self-Reliance in Colonial East Africa (New York: Palgrave Macmillan).

• George, Abosede. 2017. “A Philosopher with a Plan: Reflections on Ifi Amadiume’s Male Daughters, Female Husbands.” Journal of West African History 3 (2): 124–30.

• Lewis, Desiree, Ellen Kuzwayo, and Mamphela Ramphele. 1999. “Gender Myths and Citizenship in Two Autobiographies by South African Women.” Agenda 15(40): 38–44.

• Mama, Amina. 2004. “Demythologising Gender in Development: Feminist Studies in African Contexts.” IDS Bulletin 35(4): 121–124.

• —. 2011. “What Does it Mean to do Feminist Research in African Contexts?” Feminist Review 98(S1): e4-e20.

• Mbilinyi, Marjorie. 2015. “Transformative Feminism in Tanzania: Animation and Grassroots Women’s Struggles for Land and Livelihoods.” In The Oxford Handbook of Transnational Feminist Movements, eds. Rawwida Baksh and Wendy Harcourt, 507–530 (New York: Oxford University Press).

• McFadden, Patricia. 2018. “Contemporarity: Sufficiency in a Radical African Feminist Life.” Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism 17(2): 415-431.

• Mikell, Gwendolyn. 1997. African Feminism: The Politics of Survival in Sub-Saharan Africa. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press).

• Mirza, Heidi Safia (ed.). 1997. Black British Feminism: a reader. London: Routledge.

• Nnaemeka, Obioma. 1997. The Politics of (M)othering: Womanhood, Identity, and Resistance in African Literature. New York: Routledge.

• Oyěwùmí Oyèrónkẹ́. 2003. African Women and Feminism: African Women and Feminism: Reflecting on the Politics of Sisterhood / Reflecting on the Politics of Sisterhood. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.

• Tamale, Sylvia. 2020 Decolonization and Afro-Feminism. Ottawa: Daraja Press.

• Thomas, Lynn M. 2009 “Love, sex, and the modern girl in 1930s southern Africa.” In Cole, Jennifer and Lynn M Thomas. Love in Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

• Thompson, Jennifer A., et. al.. 2011. “Fetching Water in the Unholy Hours of the Night: The Impacts of a Water Crisis on Girls’ Sexual Health in Semi-Urban Cameroon.” Girlhood Studies 4 (Dec.): 111-129.

• Zulfiqar, Sadia. 2016. African Women Writers and the Politics of Gender. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.

Identities and Justice

• Aguiló-Pérez Emily R. 2022. An American Icon in Puerto Rico: Barbie, Girlhood, and Colonialism at Play. Transnational Girlhoods, Volume 4. New York: Berghahn.

• Endsley, Crystal Leigh. 2016. The Fifth Element: Social Justice Pedagogy through Spoken Word Poetry. Suny Series, Praxis, Theory in Action. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Methodology & Theory Reimagined: The Humanities in Conversation

• Bae-Dimitriadis, Michelle. 2017. “Introduction to the Special Issue on Girls from Outer Space: Emerging Girl Subjectivities and Reterritorializing Girlhood.” Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 17 (5): 371–75.

• Bessa, Thais. 2019. “Informed Powerlessness: Child Marriage Interventions and Third World Girlhood Discourses.” Third World Quarterly 40 (11): 1941–56.

• Gilroy, Paul. “The Black Atlantic as Counterculture to Modernity.” The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double-Consciousness. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1995.

• Glissant, Edóuard. “The Black Beach.” Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997.

• Gómez-Barris, Macarena. “Submerged Perspectives.” The Extractive Zone: Social Ecologies and Decolonial Perspectives. Durham: Duke University Press, 2017.

• King, Tiffany Lethabo. “The Black Shoals.” Black Shoals: Offshore Formations of Black and Native Studies. Durham: Duke University Press, 2019.

• Bessa, Thais. 2019. “Informed Powerlessness: Child Marriage Interventions and Third World Girlhood Discourses.” Third World Quarterly 40 (11): 1941–56.

• Treffry-Goatley, Astrid et.al. 2018. “Just don’t change anything”: Challenges and Opportunities in Engaging Communities in Participatory Visual Research to address Violence against women and girls in rural South Africa. In Claudia Mitchell and Relebohile Moletsane (Editors). Disrupting Shameful Legacies: Girls and Young Women Speaking Back through the Arts to Address Sexual Violence. Brill Sense.

Webster, Crystal Lynne, The History of Black Girls and the Field of Black Girlhood Studies: At the Forefront of Academic Scholarship.

Pedagogy

• Aguilo-Perez, Emily R, and Jacqueline Reid-Walsh. 2022. “Pedagogies and Practices of Teaching Girlhood Studies.” Girlhood Studies 15 (3) vii-xiv

• Almjeld, Jen. 2022. “Gen Ed Girlhood: Artifact-Centric Approach Invites New Students to Girlhood Studies.” Girlhood Studies 15 (3): 99.

• Desai, Karishma. 2016. “Teaching the Third World Girl: Girl Rising As a Precarious Curriculum of Empathy.” Curriculum Inquiry 46 (3): 248–64.

• Ferdinand, Renata. 2022. “Teaching Black Girlhood Studies with Black Motherhood Studies: An Autoethnography.” Girlhood Studies 15 (3): 52.

• Franz, Kathleen, Nancy Bercaw, Kenneth Cohen, Mireya Loza, and Sam Vong. 2021. “Girlhood (It’s Complicated).” The Public Historian 43 (1): 138–63.

• hooks, bell. 1994. Teaching to Transgress: Education As the Practice of Freedom. New York: Routledge.

• Keith, Anthony, and Crystal Leigh Endsley. n.d. “Knowledge of Self: Possibilities for Spoken Word Poetry, Hip Hop Pedagogy, and ‘Blackout Poetic Transcription’ in Critical Qualitative Research.” The International Journal of Critical Media Literacy 4 (1): 263–82.

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Participant Papers

• Bachelard, Gaston. “Water’s Voice.” Water and Dreams. Trans. Joanna Stroud. Dallas: Dallas Institute of Humanities and Culture, 1999.

• Barad, Karen. “Invertebrate Visions: Diffractions of the Brittlestar.” The Multispecies Salon. Ed. Eben Kirksey. Durham: Duke University Press, 2014.

• Braverman, Irus and Elizabeth Johnson. “Blue Legalities: Governing More-Than-Human Oceans.” Blue Legalities: The Life and Laws of the Sea. Eds. Irus Braverman and Elizabeth Johnson. Durham: Duke University Press, 2020.

• Elias, Ann. “Under the Sea.” Coral Empires: Underwater Oceans, Colonial Tropics, Visual Modernity. Durham: Duke University Press, 2019.

• Garrard, Greg, Axel Goodbody, George B. Handley, & Stephanie Posthumus. “Science and Technology Studies, Ecocriticism and Climate Change.” Climate Change Skepticism: A Transnational Ecocritical Analysis. New York: Bloomsbury, 2019.

• Hayward, Eva. “Sensational Jellyfish: Aquarium Affects and the Matter of Immersion.” differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 23.3 (2012).

• Helmreich, Stefan. “Blue-Green Capitalism.” Alien Ocean: Anthropological Voyages in Microbial Seas. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.

• Helmreich, Stefan. “Nature/Culture/Seawater.” American Anthropologist 131.1 (2011).

• Huggan, Graham, “Kind of Blue; or, The Infinite Melancholy of the Whale.” Colonialism, Culture, Whales: The Cetacean Quartet. New York: Bloomsbury, 2020.

• Neimanis, Astrida, Cecilia Asberg, & Johan Hedren. “Four Problems, Four Directions for Environmental Humanities: Towards Critical Posthumanities for the Anthropocene.” Ethics & the Environment 20.1 (2015): 67-97.

• Parsons, William. The Enigma of the Oceanic Feeling. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

• Povinelli, Elizabeth. “The Kinship of Tides.” Tidaletics: Imagining an Oceanic Worldview through Art and Science. Ed. Stefanie Hessler. Boston: MIT Press, 2018.

• Probyn, Elspeth. “Swimming with Tuna.” Eating the Ocean. Durham: Duke University Press, 2016.

• Shewry, Teresa. “In a Strange Ocean: Imagining Futures with Others.” Hope at Sea: Possible Ecologies in Oceanic Literatures. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2015.

• Starosielski, Nicole. “Against Flow.” The Undersea Network. Durham: Duke University Press, 2015.

• Steinberg, Philip. “Of Other Seas: Metaphors and Materialities in Maritime Regions.” Atlantic Studies 10.2 (2013).

Inclusive Bibliography

Secondary Sources
• Achebe, Nwando. 2020. Female Monarchs and Merchant Queens in Africa. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.

• Aderinto, Saheed, ed. 2015. Children and Childhood in Colonial Nigerian Histories. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

• Amadiume, Ifi. 1997. Re-inventing Africa: matriarchy, religion, and culture. London: Zed Books.

• —. 2000. Daughters of the Goddess, Daughters of Imperialism:African women struggle for culture, power, and democracy. New York: Palgrave.

• Arndt, Susan. 2002. The Dynamics of African Feminism: Defining and Classifying African-Feminist Literatures. Trenton: Africa World Press.

• Arnfred, Signe. 2009. “African Feminists on Sexualities.” Canadian Journal of African Studies 43(1): 151-159.

• Banet-Weiser, Sarah. 2015. “’Confidence You Can Carry!’: Girls in Crisis and the Market for Girls’ Empowerment Organizations.” Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies 29 (2): 182-193.

• Baker, Sara. 2018. “‘We want that for ourselves’: How Girls and Young Women Are Using ICTs to Counter Violence and Demand Their Rights.” Gender and Development 26 (2): 283-297.

• Battle, Nishaun T. 2020. Black Girlhood, Punishment, and Resistance: Reimagining Justice for Black Girls in Virginia. Intersectional Criminology. New York, NY: Routledge.

• Bellerose, Meghan, et. al. 2020. “Pre-Pandemic Influences on Kenyan Girls’ Transitions to Adulthood during COVID-19.” Girlhood Studies 13(3) (Dec.): 133-150.

• Bellows-Blakely, Sarah. 2020. “Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History.” Essay. In Girlhood in Africa. Oxford University Press.

• Bent, E. 2016. “Making it up: Intergenerational activism and the ethics of empowering girls.” Girlhood Studies, 9(3): 105-121.

• Bent, Emily, and Heather Switzer. 2016. “Oppositional Girlhoods and the Challenge of Relational Politics.” Gender Issues 3(2): 122–47.

• Bethune, J. 2020. “Shapeshifters: Black girls and the choreography of citizenship.” Girlhood Studies, 13(2): 129-133.

• Blake, Jamilia J., et. al. 2011. “Unmasking the Inequitable Discipline Experiences of Urban Black Girls: Implications for Urban Educational Stakeholders.” The Urban Review 43(1): 90–106.

• Brown, Ruth Nicole. 2013. Hear Our Truths: The Creative Potential of Black Girlhood. Dissident Feminisms. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

• Boutwell, Laura. 2015. “‘I Don’t Want to Claim America’: African Refugee Girls and Discourses of Othering.” Girlhood Studies 8(2) (Summer): 103-118.

• Brown, Ruth Nicole. 2013. Hear Our Truths: The Creative Potential of Black Girlhood. Springfield: University of Illinois Press.

• Calkin, Sydney. 2015. “Post-Feminist Spectatorship and the Girl Effect: ‘Go ahead, really imagine her.’” Third World Quarterly 36(4): 654–669.

• Chant, Sylvia. 2016a. “Galvanizing Girls for Development? Critiquing the Shift from ‘Smart’ to ‘Smarter Economics.’” Progress in Development Studies 16(4): 314–328.

• Chege, Fatuma, et. al. 2014. “A Safe House? Girls’ Drawings on Safety and Security in Slums in and Around Nairobi.” Girlhood Studies 7(2) (Winter): 130-135.

Chikunda, Charles, et. al. 2006. “The Impact of Khomba – a Shangaan Cultural Rite of Passage – on the Formal Schooling of Girls and on Women’s Space in the Chikombedzi Area in Zimbabwe.” Indilinga African Journal of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (2): 145–56.

• Chirenje, Grace Ruvimbo. 2016. “Feminist Pedagogy: unpacking the reality and building towards a new model of education for women and girls in Zimbabwe.” BUWA, 7 (December): 22.

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• Andreas, Neshani. The Purple Violet Of Oshaantu (Namibia)

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